标题：Exploring the impact of 2D/3D building morphology on the land surface temperature: A case study of three megacities in China
作者：Xiaorui Li , Bisheng Yang , Gang Xu, Fuxun Liang , Tengping Jiang , Zhen Dong
来源：IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
摘 要
城市立体形态通过改变潜热通量、对流情况等方式影响着城市热环境。当前对于城市形态与热岛效应的相关性研究受数据源限制大都局限于二维形态因子层面，研究涉及时空范围也较为局限，采用的算法多为简单的相关系数或多元回归模型，忽视了绿地水体、人为热排放等因素对相关关系的影响。针对数据源受限问题，点云数据可为本研究提供准确的数据源，使得提取多维度立体形态因子成为可能。针对时空范围有限问题，本研究在3个城市、2个年份、2个季节的共12个场景上开展，使得研究结果更加可靠。
表格 1 研究场景
针对未控制变量问题，本研究采用偏相关分析的方法，引入城市功能区作为研究单元，成功控制了绿地水体、人为热排放两类变量。研究表明，城市立体形态因子对地表温度具有较为显著的影响，其中建筑底面立面面积比(BCR)、天空可视因子(SVFM)以及建筑高度(BH)均与地表温度之间呈现出显著相关关系。
表格 2 各建筑形态因子与地表温度的偏相关系数与Spearman系数计算结果对比
（以2019夏季场景为例）
区分功能区的进一步研究表明：(1)BCR因子在三个城市均呈现出较明显的商业区、工业区、开发区的偏相关性更高的功能区排序规律与夏季偏相关性高于冬季的季节规律；(2)GA2FA因子呈现出一定的夏季偏相关性更高的季节性规律；(3)SVF均值因子呈现出居住区、商业区和工业区排序靠前的规律而未呈现出明显的季节规律性。
图 1 功能区偏相关分析
最后，在本文相关研究结果的基础上，给出顾及城市水体、绿地覆盖情况的建筑形态规划建议。
Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) effect in cities and its driving factors have long been investigated. 3-D buildings are key components of urban structures and have notable effect on the UHI effect. However, due to the incomplete 3-D building information in urban database, only a few studies investigated the impact of 3-D building morphology factors on the land surface temperature (LST). In this study, a total set of 14 2-D and 3-D building morphology factors were selected to investigate the correlation between UHI and building morphology across three megacities in China (Beijing, Wuhan, Shanghai) with Landsat-8 LST scenarios in summer and winter of 2018 and 2019, respectively. Both Spearman correlation and partial correlation analysis were applied at block scale after urban functional zone (UFZ)mapping. A number of significant observations were noted based on the multi spatial and multitemporal experimental results: 1) both 2-D and 3-D building morphology factors influence LST, among them building coverage ratio, building ground area divided by facade area (GA2FA), and sky view factor yield stronger correlations with LST; 2) UFZ mapping scheme and partial correlation method help with controlling the anthropogenic heat release, greenspace, and water bodies coverage variables when targeting at the influence of building morphology factors on LST. This study provides insights for building morphology design in future urban planning and management.
